The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.